The American Dream is not available to everyone. This truth haunts some of the best drama of the American modernist fiction. It asks how far someone will go to have it all? What will they sacrifice? What can they stand to give up? How compatible are freedom and liberty?
Mildred Pierce introduces all of those questions and more. The novel, written by James M. Cain in 1941, was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1945 starring Joan Crawford and helmed by Michael Curitz (Casablanca). Mildred Pierce takes place in the suburban white California in the 1930s, and follows the title character’s struggle to redefine her role as a housewife in order to provide for her family during the Great Depression. This series of essays will consider on the 2011 mini-series director Todd Haynes crafted into 5-parts. The series is currently airing on HBO. Parts I and II premiered Sunday and have encore performances all week. Part III will air first on April 3rd, and the series concludes of April 10th, with Parts IV and V.
I cannot say too much about the plot at this point because I have neither read the novel nor seen the Joan Crawford film. I have only see Parts I and II of the Haynes film. Part I attacked the story right before Mildred Pierce (Kate Winslet of Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Little Children) and her husband (Brian F. O’Byrne from Million Dollar Baby and Before the Devil Knows You’re Dead, but better known for his stage performances in Tom Stoppard’s The Coast of Utopia and the Catholic drama Doubt) spar verbally about a possible affair. Mr. Pierce leaves to move in with his mistress, leaving Mildred alone in a large home with her two daughters and no source of income, save her selling of homemade pies. Part I shows Mildred attempt to find a job that she believes is dignified work. “I won’t wear a uniform,” she tells her neighbour (Melissa Leo from The Fighter and HBO’s Treme). After walking out on a woman offering her a job as a housekeeper (Hope Davis from Synecdoche, New York and American Splendor) because she was treated as a lesser, Mildred is forced to jump at the nearest job for an opportunity. She must choose between taking a “disgraceful” job, or “facing her starving kids.” Part I ends with Mildred’s anxiety about her older daughter, Veda, finding out that she is a waitress.
Part II chronicles Mildred’s success as a waitress and incorporating her pie-making into her work. She plans to open her restaurant and meets a playboy suitor (Guy Pearce from Memento and The Proposition) and spends a weekend with him before tragedy strikes.
That’s a brief plot summary, but I cannot say which threads the mini-series will pick up and leave dangling. The strengths of the first 40% of the series are mostly attributed to the extremely talented cast and to the guidance of Todd Haynes.
Haynes (director of Far From Heaven, Velvet Goldmine, Poison and the Bob Dylan biopic I’m Not There) is one of the most interesting and maverick auteurs in American cinema. With that said, he’s much more a European filmmaker, but more on that later. Haynes makes decisions about his projects that remain incredibly faithful to his players, subjects and the nature of his story. Haynes was willing to abandon I’m Not There unless he could get permission to use Dylan’s music. With Mildred Pierce, Haynes said that the 1945 film left whole parts of the novel untouched that he thought were essential to the story. The result is a five-hour film that only found a home at cable’s continuously bravest and successful network, HBO. I don’t think Haynes would have continued with the project if he was forced to cut it for a 2-hour theatre run.
I said that Haynes is more a European filmmaker than an American filmmaker. That’s perhaps a deceptive comment. I meant more that he is influenced by European New Wave auteurs than commercial Hollywood studio filmmaking. He continually cites Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Douglas Sirk as two of his more important influences. Far from Heaven is in a lot of ways an ode to the Sirkian melodramas of the 1950s. I’m Not There, composed of several parts, contained parts influenced by the aesthetics and themes of Jean-Luc Godard and Federico Fellini (specifically 8 ½).
Haynes is often concerned with social outsiders who are alienated by their personal identity or unconventional sexuality. As a result, his protagonists are often homosexuals (Haynes is often identified as a pioneer of “New Queer Cinema”) or women struggling to define a fluid identity in a male-dominated world. Hayne’s sense of individual identity is at odds with socially-constructed concepts. Look no further than his African-American incarnation of Bob Dylan in the Confederate South, his casting Cate Blanchett to play Dylan, and the ode to the hippie westerns in the Richard Gere segment of I’m Not There. For Haynes, a self is a collective, like 6 people all playing Bob Dylan, or Mildred Pierce finding an identity in relation to her neighbour, co-workers or as a mother. His protagonists challenge power structures and disrupt social norms. Haynes works with postmodernist ideas of redefining the self more in terms of a feminine caretaker than a Kantian rational being. In that way, his protagonists are an assault on traditionally-defined male hierarchy.
Often, Haynes draws portraits of artists. In I’m Not There it was Bob Dylan; in Velvet Goldmine it was David Bowie. These artists found their creative output to be the greatest opportunity to exercise expressive freedom. Hayes is not concerned with individual freedom or market freedom. His concept of collective identity is less self-centered and more communitarian than that. In Mildred Pierce, Mildred expresses her freedom through her delicious and beautiful baked goods. Not only does she identify this as her greatest talent, but it offers her a means by which to make the money needed to care for her children.
I want to briefly mention the general aesthetic of Todd Hayne’s project. Filled with a mix of vibrant colours and burnt browns, Haynes contrasts the constrictions of social norms on Mildred’s life with makes her free. Take a look at the vast open spaces of the set design. Haynes likes to juxtapose long shots with more intimate close ups to create a sense of isolation or separation in his mise-en-cine that comments on the atmosphere that Mildred lives in. How at home is she in that vast, empty house? What about the transformation of the building she plans to make a restaurant? Glass appears frequently throughout Mildred Pierce creating both a clean, gleaning, reflective surface that’s quite fragile, but also putting Mildred constantly behind a barrier looking in. In some shots, all we can see of the action is what is reflected through these surfaces. As Haynes’s script unpeels layers and surfaces, appearances and masks from an overly-stylized made-up world of the bourgeious, what we could see might scandalize. What lies behind the picket fences and well-manicured lawn her husband spends so much time on in the first scene? Mildred Pierce is more aesthetically restrained than I’m Not There, but that’s likely because it’s narrative is more linear, straightforward and organized. Both approaches are appropriate for their respective projects. If I’m Not There was about the flamboyancy of performance and the deconstruction of persona, Mildred Pierce is concerned with restraint and masks, with creating the illusion that everything is sunshine and pies, until you step inside the house.
So, I encourage you to take a look at Mildred Pierce. The first two parts are probably airing right now on HBO. Part III will play this Sunday night. If you do, look for these occupations of Haynes’s themes. I think Mildred Pierce is a fitting next step for Haynes’s career that continues to look again at mere appearances. Next week, in Part II of my essay, I will look more closely at the setting of suburban, white California for Mildred Pierce. I will consider the genre fiction that James Cain brings to the project and explore more closely how the social and economic characteristics of 1930s Glendale effect the family in Mildred Pierce and offer a glass through with to examine America in the 2010s.
I hope to see you next week!